Expanding Target to China Essay Example for Free

Expanding Target to China Essay China is, without a doubt, the fastest growing economy in the world today. Companies from around the world have wanted to tap into Chinas market to cash in on the tremendous success that it continues to experience. There had been many restrictions for foreign companies who tried to do business in China, limiting the number of foreign companies, and allowing only the big players to come into China. Even then, these big players from around the globe faced more restrictions and rules once they entered China. But things have changed since China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001; a new milestone for this country, as well as for other economies. Since then, restrictions for foreign investors and businesses to enter Chinas market had begun to ease up. By December 11th, 2004, China must remove remaining restrictions on the retail sector in order to comply with the WTO rules. This means it will be much easier for foreign retailers to enter the market, and for current foreign retailers in China to expand (1). Many retailers from all over the world will seize this golden opportunity, and Target should do so too. Target, a Minnesota based national retail company, has come a long way from being Daytons department store back in 1961 to being one of the biggest players in United States retail market, as we know it today. Over the last ten years, Target has experienced a continuous incline in growth year after year. Sales reached over $48 billion this past year, a 10 percent increase from the year prior (2). Just like its revenue, the number of stores across the United States has been on the rise. Currently there are 1313 Target stores operating in 47 states, including 136 SuperTarget stores in 20 states (3). Not surprisingly, Target ranks number four in Triversitys Top 100 Retailers in the United States behind Wal-Mart, Home Depot, and Kroger (4). Globally, Target is ranked number 7 in the top 100 retailers worldwide (5). With this kind of statistics, Target has the potential and the resources to begin expanding into the international market, such as China. Comparing to Metro AG, a German retailer, which ranks a couple spots ahead of Target on the worldwide list, is not that much ahead of Target in terms of sales. And yet, Metro AG is one of the largest foreign retailers in China, along with  Wal-Mart and Carrefour (6). Not only should Target continue to expand domestically, but it should also start looking to expand in other markets around the world as well, such as China. This will allow Target to become a multinational company and begin creating a global recognition for itself in the retail sector. Now of course Target cannot dive right into the China Market and expect everything to just work out. Like any other company entering a foreign market, there are challenges and factors that Target must consider and evaluate before doing business in China. In this report, different reasons why Target should enter Chinas retail market and the benefits it offers to the company will be presented. Chinas economic status, political status, and economic status, along with options of entry and other factors that will affect Targets business, will be discussed. Chinas Economic Status China is currently the worlds most potential market for consumer goods. Its average annual GDP growth rate of nearly 10 percent for the last 10 years is the strongest among other major economies around the world (7). This is mainly due to the increase in manufacturing investment from foreign companies over the years because China is full of resources and cheap labor. Many products we see today are labeled Made in China since China has essentially developed into a manufacturing centre for the worlds consumer goods production (8). With a population of 1.3 billion people and having more consumers than Europe and the United States put together, it is obvious that China is by far one of the most attractive markets to invest in for foreign companies that are in the retail and consumer sector (8). When combining the strong, continuous growth of the economy with a population of this magnitude, the results are more money in consumers pockets, meaning more money to spend on goods. According to PricewaterhouseCoopers, the retail sales of consumer goods in China quadrupled with a span of 10 years (7). With this kind of statistics, it will be Targets best interest to pursuit an expansion into Chinas retail market. Chinas economy and consumer market will continue to grow. The more people there are in a  market, the more money will be spent. Everyone will always need food and daily accessories regardless of how much money they have, and those that have more money to spend will spend that extra money on other goods. So by setting up operations there, Target will have a chance to go along with the ride and reap the promising rewards that Chinas consumer market offers, which is what other foreign retailers are looking for. Chinas Political Status One of the major milestones for China, which made a global impact, is its accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001. This is the main reason why the forecast of Chinas growing economy remains strong. Since then, Chinas has begun to ease up restrictions on imports and exports, and also for foreign businesses entering Chinas market, most significantly the retail sector. By December 11, 2004, all restrictions on foreign retailing in China will be lifted, including restrictions on foreign ownership, number of branches, and geographic locations for where to set up stores (9). Currently, there are limited foreign investments in Chinas retail sector. In 2000, the Retail and Wholesale sector only accounts for 2 percent of the total foreign direct investment in China (7). Today, this percentage is not much higher than it was in 2000. This is because prior to Chinas accession to the WTO, there were many restrictions and regulations for foreign companies entering China. Some of the main restrictions were the annual sales volume requirement, assets requirement, and the minimum registered capital requirement. Before, in order to enter Chinas retail sector, a foreign company must have annual sales volume of at least US $2 billion, assets of at least US $200 million, and minimum registered capital of at least RMB 50 million, or about US $6.1 million. Also, they were only allowed to enter the market with approval, and in a form of a joint venture with local partners with no more than 49 percent ownership (10). This limited Chinas retail market to only the big international players such as Wal-Mart, Carrefour, Metro AG, etc, who all have already established a presence in China. But after China starts to comply with WTO rules next month; dramatic changes will take place in Chinas retail sector. Once all the restrictions for foreign retail companies are lifted by China, the number of foreign retailers entering China will increase sharply, both small and medium retailers. All a company will need is a good reputation and a minimum registered capital requirement of US $36,000. Other than a joint venture, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise will become an option (10). Also, the foreign players that are currently in the market will be able expand more rapidly under the new rules. This is another reason why Target should enter Chinas retail market, and soon. The percentage that the retail sector represents in the total direct foreign investment is still low, meaning there is a lot of room to grow. The sooner Target steps in, the more market share will be available for Target to gain. If Target delays its entry, other foreign retailers from all over the world will start to swarm in and the big players that are currently in the market will expand quickly; therefore making it more difficult for Target to create a significant presence. If Target decides not to enter this goldmine, then an incredible opportunity will be missed. WFOE or Joint Venture There are two options for Target to start business in China, establishing a wholly foreign-owned enterprise (WFOE) or a joint venture with a local Chinese company. There are advantages and disadvantages for both options, and it will be important to understand each. Joint ventures were the only way to enter China for any foreign company due to the restrictions set by China prior to joining the WTO. With joint ventures, foreign companies were able enter Chinas market easier. It really helps to have a local partner that is already familiar with the market and know the laws of doing business in China. Also, with a joint venture, it is much less capital intensive since the local partner will be contributing to the business. The downside of a joint venture is that it is difficult to find the right partner, and it requires a lot time because a good relationship must be formed before any negotiations take place. In China, a good relationship is the key to doing business. Some major causes of joint  venture failures have been overestimation of the partners capabilities, differing expectations, and different management styles (11). These are some of the reasons that limit a foreign companys desire to expand. WFOE, an option that will be open to foreign retail companies doing or planning to do business in China after next month, would probably be the direction that most foreign retailers will choose. It should be Targets choice as well when entering China. But before a WFOE can be set up, an application must be submitted to MOFCOMs (Ministry of Commerce) provincial-level counterparts. The applications will then be forwarded to MOFOCOM for approval. The approval process takes about three to four months, but approval is only granted if the proposed business will help the development of Chinas economy (12). Target will have no problem getting approved because it will help create more jobs in China, bring in more sophisticated technology to run its stores and operations, and increase manufacturing production in China since a good portion of the products that will be in Target stores will be made in China. The disadvantage of setting up a WFOE is that it is much more capital intensive. Foreign companies do not have anyone to share the investment costs with in the country. China only allows money coming from outside of the country when foreign companies want to set up a WFOE (12). However, the advantages that WFOE offers outweigh the disadvantages. A WFOE can enjoy the exclusive management control and operational controls with less interference from the Chinese government (13). A foreign company can bring in sophisticated technology without having to worry about losing its intellectual property or figure out how many shares the technology is worth in a joint venture (14). Because of all this, a WFOE can expand into other areas more freely. Although WFOE would be a capital intensive option for Target, it will pay off in the long run. Having complete control over its management and operations, less governmental interference, and less limitations to expand will be beneficial for Target. Chinas Social Status There are some other things that it must take into account before Target jumps into Chinas retail market, one of which is the social landscape of China. Just like in the United States, knowing where the customers are and where to set up stores are important strategies. The more wealthy cities are concentrated in Chinas east and south-east coastal provinces. The top ten most prosperous provinces in China are: Shanghai, Guangdong, Beijing, Zhejiang, Tianjin, Liaoning, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Chongqing. These areas are obviously where foreign investors want to go because of higher per capita income and consumer spending in those areas. Consumer activities in some major inland cities are slowly on the rise, but are still fairly undeveloped compared to the east (7). But it may be a good idea to start investing in those areas and capture those markets while competition level is still low. Target should obviously start with investing in a couple of the more prosperous areas, such as Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, or Zhejiang. These four provinces have the highest per capita income and household consumption, which means there are more money spent by consumers (8). Besides this, Target should start investing in the major inland cities that are beginning to develop, such as Wuhan, Chengdu, Changsha, and Sichuan. Almost half of Chinas population lives in the central and northwest provinces (7). Take advantage of the new rules that will lift restrictions on locations and the number of stores, and enjoy the benefit of being able to expand easier by being a wholly foreign-owned enterprise. The developing areas should be Targets concentration. It may be a little more risky, and sales may be lower at first, but it will be beneficial in the long run. The biggest competitors, both domestic and foreign, are mostly located in the prosperous areas (8). It will be more difficult to establish a solid foothold in Chinas retail market if Target starts off trying to compete with big foreign players such as Wal-Mart and Carrefour, or big domestic players such as Lianhua and Hualian, all of which are much more familiar with the market. So it will be a good idea for Target to tap into the less developed major  inland cities and create a niche market while competition is still very low in those areas. This can help them develop a presence in China, and become one of the major foreign players in Chinas retail market. U.S. Commercial Service After understand all the details described previously throughout the report, Target still needs some help entering Chinas retail market. Target is very successful in the United States, but China is a totally different market. There are different consumers, different languages, and different laws. Target needs to find someone that is familiar with the languages (Chinese and English), the Chinese retail market, and all the rules that foreign business must comply with. It would be the best if Target has some managers that fit these criterions within the corporation because then those people can be assigned to assist in Targets plan to enter China. They will be familiar with Chinas market and rules, as well as Targets objectives and operations. But if there are no qualified candidates within Target, then this is where the U.S. Commercial Service comes in play to help. The U.S. Commercial Service offers customized solutions to help US companies enter and expand in the China Market. They have six offices in China: Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang, Chengdu, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong. There are several services that a US company can purchase, one of which is the Gold Key Service (GKS). This service identifies and arranges appointments with the people that the company will need to meet in order to break into the China market successfully. The U.S. Commercial Service will tailor the service to the companys needs. They can assess the competition, and/or find lawyers, consultants, government officials, agents and distributors, etc (15). This is a great service that Target should use if they do not have people to use internally. Going into a foreign market, especially China, without being knowledgeable in the countrys laws and regulations, competition, consumers, and business environment is very risky. Any company that does this is essentially setting up for failure in the new market. This is why Target  needs to find experts that know how to do business in China. By being able to access competition, access the business environment, and working with a consultant or lawyer that knows the business laws in China will definitely help Target develop a safe and successful entry into Chinas retail market. To order the Gold Key Service from the U.S. Commercial Service, all Target have to do is contact the nearest U.S. Commercial Service assistance center, call 1-800-USA-Trade, or email their FCS Beijing Office at [emailprotected] (15). Other Factors In the Chinese culture, the colors red and gold are favorable colors. They represent happiness, good luck, and good fortune. During festive holidays, such as Chinese New Year, red is seen every where. All businesses, as well as households, would put up red lanterns and decorations. This may be beneficial to Target since red is Targets color. By having red in the stores in China, it may attract more consumers because people may associate the Target stores with the same meanings that they associate with the colors, especially during festive holidays. Aside from culture, Target should look into other things, such as education in China. Education is very important to Chinas future development if it is to be sustainable, but it is not an easy task. The government has been focusing on the countrys economic development, and has neglected to improve the education system and health. However, the governments new goal is to raise education spending to about 4 percent of GPD, with help from the private sector (8). In the United States, Target currently have a Community Giving Program where Target gives back over $2 million a week to neighborhoods, programs, and schools across the country (16). If Target sets up a similar program in China, it may help build its reputation in the China market. By helping the community receive better education, improving living conditions, and improving living standards will help Target gain favoritism from both consumers and the government, which can only help Targets goal for success in the market. Conclusion China offers a golden opportunity for foreign retailers, such as Target. Target should take advantage of Chinas accession to the WTO and seize the opportunity by entering Chinas retail market. There are many factors that Target must review and consider before entering China. Main factors like Chinas economic status, political status, and social status. As well as evaluating options of entry (WFOE vs. JV), understanding the culture, assessing both foreign and domestic competitions, and become knowledgeable in business rules and regulations in the country. Target will be very successful in establishing a foothold in Chinas retail market and become a major foreign retailer in the country as long as all aspects are carefully reviewed, planned, and understood. Targets presence and success has been well established in the United States, and now it is time to expand to the next big thing China. End Notes (1) http://www.chinabusinessreview.com/public/0401/01.html (2) http://quicktake.morningstar.com/Stock/Income10.asp?Country=USASymbol= TGTstocktab=finance (3) http://www.targetcorp.com/targetcorp_group/investor-relations/investor- relations.jhtml (4) http://www.stores.org/pdf/04TOP100chart2.pdf (5) http://retailindustry.about.com/library/bl/03q2/bl_rf100603.htm (6) http://www.bjreview.com.cn/200414/Business-200414(C).htm (7) http://www.pwchk.com/home/webmedia/1024303622085/RetailMarket_ China.pdf (8) http://www.pwcglobal.com/gx/eng/about/ind/retail/wef%20jan04_external.pdf3 (9) http://en-1.ce.cn/subject/RetailinginChina/RegulationPolicy/200409/29/ t20040929_1882374.shtml (10) http://www.osec.ch/~0xc1878d1b_0x0001b994/Investments/foreign_investment_ restrictions_in_trade_and_retail_lifted/en/china_fipdf (11) http://www.sinomedia.net/eurobiz/v200404/story0404.html (12) http://www.isinolaw.com/jsp/fie/fie/FIE_wfoe1.jsp?LangID=0 (13) http://english.sohu.com/2004/07/04/81/article220848132.shtml (14) http://www.businessweek.com/adsections/country/asia/ (15) http://www.buyusa.gov/china/en/gks.html (16) http://target.com/target_group/community_giving/index.jhtml

Maria Isabella Boyd aka Belle Boyd Essay -- biographies bio biography

Have you ever dreamt of living an adventurous life? Well for me that was reality. I was a spy and actress, mercilessly charming Union officers into giving me information. Dubbed 'La Belle Rebelle' by a French war correspondent, I went by the name Belle Boyd instead of my original name, Maria Isabella Boyd. I have gone in and out of jail, marriages, and careers (three of each). Throughout the whole ordeal though, I have been constant in my loyalty to the Confederacy. Born on May 4, 1843, I was raised just like any other southern lady. My father was a merchant, and I grew up in Martinsburg, West Virginia with my parents, several brothers, one sister, and grandmother. I attended Mount Washington Female College of Baltimore from age 12 to 16. Ever since I can remember I?ve been getting into all sorts of trouble. Once when I was 10, I rode my pony into the hallway of my house causing havoc. I was known to be a fun-loving debutante. People described my voice as low and charming and my figure flawless. It was odd how I was considered either extremely beautiful or completely plain because ...

Categorical imperative Essay

Abstract Immanuel Kantis one of the most influential philosophers in the history of the Western philosophy. His contribution two metaphysical epistemology, ethic, and aesthetics have had a profound impact on almost every philosophical movements that followed him. Kant believe that, in knowledge originated in our senses and that the mind is a blank slate, that becames populated with ideas by its interaction with the world. Kant Influence on Criminal Justice In New World Encyclopedia (2013) states that Immanuel Kant was born, and spent the majority of his life in the city Konigsberg , the capital of East Prussia. His father was a German craftsman. His parents baptized him as Emanuel Kant, which he later changed to Immanuel after learning Hebrew. He attended the Collegium Fridiciaum at the age of eight. After eight years of study in there, he went to the University of Konideberg where he studied philosophy and mathematics. The death of his father affected him greatly, however, with the support of a friend he earned and received his doctrine in 1756. After befriending the English merchant Joseph Green, who instilled in Kant arespect for living in accordance to strict observed rules of behavior, he began to live a very regulated life. For the remainder of his life Kant remain unmarried and owned only one piece of art in his household, advocating the absence of passion in flavor of logic. He never left Prussia and rarelyventured out oh his hometown. He was a respected and very competitive university professor for most of his life. Historical repute did not come to him until he was in his late 50’s. In 1740, he went to the University to study philosophers Gottfried Leinbniz and Christian Wolff under the tutelage of Martin Knutsen , who was familiar with the development of British philosophy and science. It is there that Knutsen introduced Kant to a new system of mathematics by Sir Isaac Newton (1997). In 1746, Kant wrote the paper on measurements of reflecting Leibniz’s influence. In 1755 he then became a private lecture at the University, and while there he published â€Å"Inquiry into the Distinctness of the Principles of Natural Theology and Morals† in which he examines the problem of having a logical system of philosophy that was connected with the world of natural philosophy, a concern typically of the period. In that same year he published a piece titled â€Å"In Dreams of a spirit-seer Elucidated by Dreams of Metaphysics†. For the next 10 years, he work solely on the architecture of his own philosophy. Then in 1781 he released the † Critique of Pure Reason†, This work was to become the most influential, widely cited, and distributed work in Western philosophy. He then followed with his work † Ground of Metaphysic of Morals†. Then in 1788 who wrote † Critique of Practical Reason† then he finished and perfected his work on † Critique of Judgment† (2005). Almost all of his work was attacked and criticize seriously, practically his ideas on category, or, the place of free will and determinism, and weather we are capable of processing true and corrected knowledge of eternal reality. In his life Kant wrote a number of lesser known essays on history, politics and the application of philosophy of life. When he died in 1804, he was working on an incomplete manuscript that has since been published as† Opus Postmum†. Immanuel Kant had an interesting system of beliefs. It’s based on the beliefs , that reasoning is the final authority for morality. Actions of any sort, he believed, must be done from a sense of duty dictated by reason, and no action the form for expediency for solely in obedience to the law or custom can be regarded as moral. Moral , according to Kant, is apt done for the right reasons. Kant what are you that to make a promise for wrong reason is not moral, in other words, you might as well not make the promise. You must have a duty, or, correct moral inside of you, and for your folly of lying, your actions would only give you away. Kant described in common command given by reason: the hypothetical imperative, which dictates a given course of action to reach a specific end; and the categorical imperative, which dictates a course of action that must be followed because of moral rightness and necessity. It is also stated that Kant believe it to be irrational to perform in action if the action maxim contradicted itself once made into a universal law of nature (2013). In other words, before you act, you must decide what rules would be following if you were to act, whether you would are willing for rules to be followed by everyone. If you are willing to universalize the act, it must be moral; its not, then the act become morallyimpermissible. Kant police not the welfare of each individual should probably be regarded as in and itself, as stated in † Formula of the End† (2013) in itself: act in such a way that you always treating humanely weather in your own person or in the person of another, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end. Kant believed that the moral rules are without exception. Therefore, it is wrong to kill all situations even the case of self defense. This thought comes from the Universal Law Theory (2010). Since we never wanted to in order to become a universal law then it must be a moral in all situations. For what Kant’ s describe in his rules of absolut Killing, according to Kant, could never made universal law, therefore it is wrong and each in every situation. There are never any extentuating circumstance, such as self defense. Is out current laws were left to Kant , people would be prosecuted for everything since there is no extentuating circumstances. Kant cateorical imperative is a tri-dynamic statement of philosophical thought: (1) Actso that the maximum of your will always hold, at the same time as principles is stablished universal law. (2) Acts so as to treat everything with the upmost humanity, including your own person as well as everyone else, and always as an end but never as a mean. (3) Act according to maxim as a universal legislative member of a mere potential Kingdom of ends (2010). In other words Kant’ s argument that particular actions require constant thoughts for roll covering it, that the rule is acceptable for universal action should be adopted, its not, then it should be rejected. In order to understand whether or not actions follow Kant’ s category imperative, we must prescribe post normal what we wish to be universal laws. The norms that create to value judgement are based on issues involving justice between a few people or groups or nation. He further states that thought his cognitive development of peaceful interaction of building of Republic, we can create a community as natural result of unimpeded development of human facilities (1997). Kant states that because we must believe in all the things develop to the fullest capacity, then we could the theorize that, in summary, through congnitive processes we can create community, based on moral (ethical) action towards every person, thereby creating universal ethic throughout the community. Refrence Immanuel Kant . (2013). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from World Wide Web. http://www. Britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/311398/Immanuel-Kant Immanuel Kant -Biography. (1997). In The Eurpean Graduate School. Retrieved September 30, 2013 from Immanuel Kant (2013, August 5). New World Encyclopedia,. Retrieved 00:44, September 30, 2013 From http://www. newworldencyclopedia. org/p/index. php? title=Immanuel_Kant&oldid=972023 Immanuel Kant -Biography. (1997). In The Eurpean Graduate School. Retrieved September 30, 2013 from http://www. egs. edu/library/immanuel-kant/biography/. Immanuel Kant (2013, August 5). New World Encyclopedic, . Retrieved 00:44 September 30, 2013 From http://newworldencyclopedia. org/P/index. php? title=Immanuel_Kant&oldid=972023 McCormick, M. (2005). Immanuel Kant: Metaphysics. In Internet Encyclopedic of Philosophy (April 17, 2001 ed. ) Retrieved September 30, 2013 from http://www. iep. utm. edu/Kantmeta/ Rolf, Micheal. † Immanuel Kant. † The Standford Encyclopedic of Philosophy. Ed. Edward N. Zalta. Fall 2010 ed. 2010. Stanford University. Web 30 Sept. 2013. References.

Why Is Attending A Four Year University - 753 Words

During the prime of adolescents, children are honed about the importance of attending college if they ever have hope of obtaining success. Pursuing a higher education can, in fact, be costly but yet extremely beneficial. One who attends a four-year university may have a different experience then one who attends a two-year community college: campus involvement, administration, post graduation readiness. In sequence, one who attends a four-year university may get the notion that they are receiving a more quality. By making differences in colleges and universities, society may discourage those who want to attend a community college. However, it is important that we point out the differences between four-year universities and two-year colleges if there is any hope of giving students the best of both worlds (Braxton, Doyle, Lyken-Segosebe, 2015). Students who are active in campus activities have a higher chance of graduating. Students feel a sense of responsibility to assist the organization by setting and accomplishing goals. Not only will the organization thrive, but the university will also begin to gain more students. Being a part of student lead organizations will teach students leadership, teamwork, and flexibility. There is an enormous amount of campus activities that students can get involved in such as fraternity and sorority life, Government associations, and sports teams. Sadly, four-year universities are predominantly known for a having campus organization, unlikeShow MoreRelatedCollege For The Masses By David Leonhardt933 Words   |  4 Pagesbenefits among lower-income students attending a four year college. â€Å"Why Poor Students Struggle† by Vicki Madden displays many examples from hers and her colleagues experiences while providing statistics of the lower-income joining a four year college. The two articles both display the benefits of attending a four year college and that the education pays off. David’s article talked about the different education levels based on their test score before attending the university and the amount of income, whileRead MoreTwo Year College versus Trade School816 Words   |  3 PagesCollege (Two year) vs Trade School For some students, the question of what to do after high school may be a burden to even contemplate as it approaches quicker and quicker. The pressure to continue another four (or more) years of education after high school can be overwhelming considering twelve years of schooling has already been completed; why go right back to school again? When’s break time? Some people are simply just not ready for college and they know it, or at least until afterRead MoreShould Higher Education Be Free?1140 Words   |  5 Pages400% increase in the cost of higher education. Galloping tuition hikes have made attending college more expensive today than at any point in U.S history. Should higher education be free? Yes It should be free, For obvious reasons the coast in college in all is ridiculously high for any college student, whether attending a two year college or a four year college. Aside from cost and debit being the obvious reason why higher education should be free, i t can also give everyone the same equal opportunityRead MoreThe Cost Benefits Of Higher Education1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthey had expected from attending college and to some it has made them worst off. And, because of those negative outcomes advocated like Goldie Blumenstyk the author of â€Å"American Higher education in Crisis† explains why it happens and what to think of them. There are many complaints regarding higher education such as, the high expenses of attending, not being able to find a job, to much time being invested, and many more. With that being said, is it really worth attending college? To evaluate thoseRead MoreMy Dreams Are Out There, Go Get Them1355 Words   |  6 Pagespreparing themselves for their future academic career. Four interviews were conducted with two males and two females from Green River High School in order to see their future plans. Ten questions were asked to each of the students and their answers were recorded with a laptop. Accordin g to Kale Mustafa, a head administrator in the country of Turkey, â€Å"students who have a plan and have goals for themselves are more likely to attend a university†. He then goes on to say that, â€Å"whether it be in the UnitedRead MoreBenefits Of A Four Year University997 Words   |  4 Pagesof a four year university. Students should attend a four year university because of socialization on campus, a variety of academic programs/department, low drop out rates and the eligibility to earn a bachelor s degree when completing their credits. Once you start school at a four year university you won t regret the experience. Students entering a four year university encounter the features of socialization. Living in dorms is way better than living with parents and attending a two year collegeRead MoreAttending College : A Terrific And Terrifying Experience1476 Words   |  6 PagesAttending college can be a terrific and terrifying experience. It is something can forever alter your path in life. Just imagine, the professors with all the knowledge inside their minds, scheduling our courses hoping that it doesn’t get filled too quickly, and the dreaded finals. Then there is the topic concerning whether to attend a community college then transferring to a 4-year university. I believe it should be judged case by case, but not every person can be dropped into the deep end of theRead MorePublic Speaking Informative1486 Words   |  6 PagesInformative Speech Outline SPE 102, January 8th 2009 TITLE: Obtaining a 4 year degree through Burlington County College GENERAL PURPOSE: To inform my audience of different methods they can use to obtain a four year degree through Burlington County College. SPECIFIC PURPOSE: Burlington County College offers many opportunities for advancement whether it is a stepping stone to a 4 year college, an entry into an accredited program through guarantee transfer, or the ever expanding bachelor degreeRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School1445 Words   |  6 Pagesleast two years? Most guardians tell you to work hard in school to have a bright future. If you want to find a good job they suggest you to look what are the requirements to be able to even be consider. When you start high school in some schools they have already assigned you to who you will end up been. If you got high school credits when still in middle school then you are advanced you go in a certain group. The teachers always tell you what you need to be able to attend a University. The teacherRead MoreCollege Is A Land Of Infinite Wonders1118 Words   |  5 Pagesand take on the world. Why are these students so joyous about college? What is so good about this over exaggerated h igh school that you attend? Where does the magic lie? There are many activities offered across the campus, perhaps this is where many students find their escape from the seemingly endless amount of stress. For the students worried about the cost of college running them about $20,000 a year, what is so beneficial about this place? Now a days attending a university isn’t just about getting

Themes in Early American Literature Essays - 1568 Words

Themes of Early American Literature Early American literature does a tremendous job of revealing the exact conditions and challenges that were faced by the explorers and later by the colonists of the New World. From early shipwrecks to the later years of small colonies barely surviving through dreadful winters, the literary works of the time period focus on some very recognizable themes. The theme of any given work – being simply the unifying subject or idea – is a very important element of any piece of writing. As one reviews some of this early literature, it becomes obvious that several themes appear repeatedly, and it is these subjects that were clearly very common among people from all over the New World. While a number of themes†¦show more content†¦The explorer narratives, however, were not the only ones which described a dark and forbidding quality of the New World. The colonists at Jamestown and all along the eastern coast suffered through harsh winters with minimal supplies, causing many deaths and making life in the New World extremely challenging. For example, in William Bradford’s Of Plymouth Plantation he remarks that 50 of the 102 Pilgrims who landed at Plymouth had died within the first year (Perkins and Perkins 50). The reasons for the high number of deaths in the colonies vary, but disease and harsh winters certainly claimed their share. In addition, the colonies struggled to establish crops and solid dwellings for months or years after they first landed, and supply ships proved to be unreliable at best. John Smith of the Jamestown Colony is responsible for writing The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles in which he depicted the grievous condition of the colonists only days after the ships departed and left them to the mercy of the land (Reuben 6). He wrote, â€Å"Being thus left to our fortunes, it fortuned that within ten days scarce ten amongst us could either go, or well stand, such extreme weakness and sickness oppres sed us.† (Perkins and Perkins 36). In the same piece of literature, Smith also noted another very ominous threat to the well-being of theShow MoreRelatedRomantic Period of Literature in America Essay949 Words   |  4 Pages Beginning early in the 17th century, American authors and poets alike began the great shift in writing now known as the romantic period. This movement in literature has many influences, themes, and writing styles that can be highlighted with important works and authors. A promising frontier, new cultures brought by immigration, and a search for spiritual answers were all key influences in bringing about the romantic movement. Themes of the romantic period include nature as a refuge, high imaginationRead MoreEssay on The Innovators of American Literature1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe Innovators of American Literature From their critical assessments on how to improve themselves and to the American public that they influenced by their writings, Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin illustrate American themes in their personal narratives that quintessentially make part of American Literature. Although they lived in different times during the early development of the United States of America and wrote for different purposes, they share common themes. Their influence byRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel The Peopling Of The Story 1144 Words   |  5 PagesThere are five key aspects of literature which consists of setting, theme, plot, characterization, and style. Characterization is the â€Å"Peopling† of the story; it is the description of characters. The writer often discusses the behavior of the characters, their thought processes, their appearances, and even sometimes includes their names. Characterization highlights the important details of a character in a story. This also allows readers to imagine how others in the story would react to the mainRead MoreNative American And American Literature Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesIn all my years of studying literature while living in America, I have only one memory of ever having read anything Native American, and that was in grade school. Native American literature is typically left out of studies in general American Literature, although there do exist plenty of programs for studying these types of narratives separately and individually. It has yet to become a prominent area of study and there a differing reasons as to why this is. Part of the lack of study in this subjectRead MoreDiffferent Types of Colonial Literature Essay731 Words   |  3 Pages American literature extends its roots into colonial times. The works of the earliest North Americans include contributions by Natives and settlers alike, with many similar and differing historical influences, themes, and genres. The Native Americans, before colonial life even began, had developed a strong system of oral storytelling revolving mostly around mother nature. When the Puritans arrived, seeking religious asylum from Europe, their reserved and conservative ways leaked into colonialRead More Journalism and the American Renaissance Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesJournalism and the American Renaissance      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The period in American Literature known as the American Renaissance was a time of great change in our country. It was an age of westward expansion and social conflict. Americans were divided on such volatile issues as slavery, reform and sectionalism that ultimately led to the Civil War. Emerging from this cauldron of change came the voice of a new nation - a nation with views and ideals all its own. The social, economic, technological and demographicRead MoreEssay Role of Religion in Early American Literature619 Words   |  3 PagesRole of Religion in Early American Literature American Literature, especially of the early settler and colonial period is marked by a deep sense of religion and a stress upon writing about matters related to religion. The development of early American literature thus can be seen to be a reflection of the religious ideals followed by the early settlers and colonists and it became a means of promoting a moral and ethical way of life. Early American literature is filled with an obvious expressionRead MoreThe European Exploration Of America1639 Words   |  7 PagesEuropean exploration of America is notable because it is the start of the mentality among Americans the fuels the need to travel from home in order to find oneself. Since the beginning, the settlers in America have been people who left home to find a new life where they could live successful lives. While this is a theme in all types of literature, it is one that is especially prevalent in American literature because the settlers were an entire people who left their home in search of something betterRead MoreFigurative Devices: Comparing We Wear the Mask and Theme for English B1089 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered to be early black poets during the twentieth century around the period of civil right movement. â€Å"We wear the mask† and â€Å"Theme for English B† were written in 1895 and 1951 respectively. Even there is approximately 50 yea rs gap between these two poems, the theme that these two poems address is somewhat similar. Even though Dunbar uses symbols as figurative devices while Hughes uses Irony, they both have the same goal, which is to point out the racial issues within American society. Paul LaurenceRead MoreThe History of Childresn Literature Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesThe History of Children’s Literature EDP1: Task 1 Janet Blake Western Governors University Children’s literature is defined many different ways. It can be simply defined as a book that a child reads, or as Kiefer defined it â€Å"as the imaginative shaping of life and thought into the forms and structures of language.† (Kiefer, 2010, p.5) Literature has been around for hundreds of years, although not in the form that we are used to seeing now. There have always been stories to be told for as long

The Medici s Influence On The Renaissance Period

The Medici family, also known commonly as the house of the Medici was a wealthy merchant class family who gained their wealth and political power through its success in commerce and banking. With the rise to power of Cosimo de’ Medici in Florence, the city was launched into the Renaissance period as the family’s support of the arts and humanities were a big influence. Until the late 14th century the leading family of Florence was the House of Albizzi. The main challengers to the Albizzi family were the Medicis. The Medici controlled the Medici bank—then Europe s largest bank—and an array of other enterprises in Florence and elsewhere. In 1433, the Albizzi managed to have Cosimo, one of the Medici, exiled. However, a pro-Medici leader was†¦show more content†¦Giovanni was a cardinal and future pope who was able to return the Medici family name back to Florence in 1512. The years to come marked a peak in Medici influence in Europe. Giovanni, as was his father, was another big supporter of the arts and was able to provide artists with work. By the 1520’s few descendants of Cosimo remained. However, the Medici remained masters of Florence through their two famous 16th century popes, Leo X and Clement VII. Both were patrons of the arts, but in the religious field they proved unable to advance the ideas of Martin Luther. Clement married of his first cousin, Catherine de Medici, to Francis I of France, the future Henry II. Clement’s plan worked as it led to the Medici blood being transferred to the royal family of Spain. In the 1500’s Ferdinando, part of the Medici bloodline, did much to keep the name of the Medici high and in power. Ferdinando built a road networks in Southern Tuscany and cultivated trade in Leghorn with the silk industry. Ferdinando even proposed a Tuscan expedition to the New World with the intention of establishing a Tuscan colony. Ferdinando is thought to have been wealthier than their ancestor, Cosimo de Medici, the father of the Medici dynasty. Overall, the Medici family used themselves as chess pieces in a real life game for power and wealth. Their lineage become more difficult to trace as time progresses due to the fact that they are marrying themselves off to form alliances andShow MoreRelatedThe Medici Influence and the Italian Renaissance Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesglory and influence to Florence. The Medici’s saw the value in contributing to the advancement of the greatest minds of the period. This was evident in their patronage of leading Artists such as Michelangelo and of renowned Teachers such as Galileo. The sphere of influence the Medici’s enjoyed also extended to the political arena, which happened to be heavily influenced by the Catholic Church at the time. The Medici’s were able to capitalize on the power of the Church and through this influence and theRead MoreThe Medici Influence and the Italian Renaissance Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesrevealed itself within the Medici family, w ho helped return glory and influence to Florence. The Medici family saw the value in contributing to the advancement of the greatest minds of the period. This was evident in their patronage of leading artists such as Michelangelo and of renowned teachers such as Galileo. The sphere of influence the Medicis enjoyed also extended to the political arena, which happened to be heavily influenced by the Catholic Church at the time. The Medicis capitalized on the powerRead MoreThe Late And Post Renaissance1386 Words   |  6 PagesThe late and post-renaissance was a time dominated by the Medici family, but many other Italian families had their time in power. As the late renaissance ended and the post-renaissance era started, the Corsini family gained power and influence under the Medici. With banks in England, offices around Europe, and palazzos in Italy, the family made fast and large steps toward gaining influence and relevance in Italy. While they earned respect on the financial side, they also progressed on the religiousRead MoreInfluence Of The Renaissance On Modern Western Society Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe renaissance was a time of great and immeasurable change within all aspects of European life; so much so that it could be seen as beginnings of our modern western society. Leading this revitalization in culture and society in Europe’s historical development were to the two of the most dominant states of renaissance Italy, Florence and Venice. These small city-states were the powerhouses of the time and assisted speeding up the renaissance and helped spur revolutionary developments along the wayRead MoreArt Of The Renaissance : Questions And Vocabulary1283 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 12.5 (Art in the Renaissance) Assignment- Questions and Vocabulary Terms: Giotto, Masaccio, Botticelli, Perspective, Guild, Artisan, Apprentice, Patron, High Renaissance, Pope Julius II, Michelangelo, Northern Renaissance, madrigal. 1) Giotti di Bondone (1266-1337) was an Italian artist and architect from Florence in the very late Middle Ages. He is considered to be one of the most important artists in Italy because he contributed greatly to the Renaissance style of painting and art inRead MoreArt Appreciation : Sandro Botticelli1393 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Renaissance (Botticelli Biography, n.d.). Because of his apprenticeship, Botticelli inherited much from Lippo artistically, and, thus, was able to work independently and open his own workshop at only fifteen years old (Sandro Botticelli Biography | artble.com, n.d.). While opening his own workshop was a very defining and mature move of Botticelli’s career, the peak of his career was when he was asked to be a painter for the most wealthy family in Florence at the time- the Medici familyRead MoreEuropean Collectors Of The 16th And 17th Centuries1447 Words   |  6 PagesEuropean Collectors of the 16th and 17th Centuries: Perhaps two of the most noteworthy art collections in the 1500’s were the collections of the Medici, well know patrons of the arts and of many well-known artists; also the Habsburgs of Austria Known then as the Holy Roman emperors who were known for having an eclectic collection ranging from scientific tools and exotic stuffed animals to religious artefacts and Paintings. Then in the seventeenth century in Britain another famous collector comesRead MoreHumanism in European Renaisaance1013 Words   |  5 Pages The European Renaissance was a time of great change. The people of that time were beginning to take an interest in learning and also began to follow the idea of humanism. Humanism was a way of life where a person would reject most religious beliefs and focus on the here and now. One of the main things Humanist believed in was individual achievement. This gave many artists the opportunity to be known around Europe for his or her talent and not be criticized for being sel fish. This is exactly whatRead MoreThe Story of Michelangelo Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pagesare others that do great things. In the time of the renaissance period there were quite a few artists but only one particularly person stood out and has done great things with his life. Michelangelo wasnt some original person, he was a creative, leader, rebellion, and over all a life changing person that wanted to make a difference in the world. Michelangelo had brought his own style and technique into the public eye, which changed the Renaissance with his originality. In the 1500s, the world ofRead MoreArt Object s Historical Data Of Its Culture And Time Period2146 Words   |  9 PagesPart VI - The Art Object’s Historical Data of its Culture and Time Period I. Overview of politics, economics, religion and ideology in Italy at the time Botticelli was working: Introduction: After the end to the rough and challenging middle ages came a new era of literature art and culture. this period was known as the Renaissance. The Renaissance started in the early 14th century and would go on to the 16th century.The renaissance started a social change all through the entire of Europe and is seen

ICT Related Ethical Issues Free-Samples for Students-Myassingment

Questions: Discuss about the Ethics in ICT. Answer: Introduction This report is about ICT related ethical issues that have encountered by ICT users. ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology and it is advanced version of Information Technology. In ICT various advanced technologies for communication and information sharing are developed that are popular among IT users worldwide. Today in various business organizations ICT is implemented for better business performance and to do business at global level. By using recent ICT technologies such as smart phones, smart devices and other web technologies, for every business organization it has become easier to communicate with their clients and customers those are at remote locations. ICT includes communication devices or applications such as network hardware, software components, mobile phones and satellite systems. Besides these benefits or advantages of ICT, there are some disadvantages of ICT are found that are related to security and privacy. The issues of hacking, DDoS and phishing att acks are commonly encountered by ICT users. These all attacks are known as cyber-crime and it is ethically wrong. But here in this report we are emphasizing on ICT issue that is ethical right and known as ethical ICT issue. We will discuss an incident about ICT ethical issue that is given in a media article and analyze that article on behalf of four classical ethical theories such as utilitarianism, deontology, virtue and contract. This analysis of article on behalf of classical ethical theories will help to determine rightness and wrongness of actions taken in incident. The media article about which we will discuss here in this report is ethical issue of cybercrime in ICT. Discussion First of all we will discuss about article that is based on cybercrime. Cybercrime can be hacking, phishing, identity theft and data breaching etc. About Article of Cyber Crime In selected media article it is defined that the main ICT ethical issue is Ethical Hacking that comes under Cybercrime. Ethical Hacking is different from unethical hacking in a way that it is implemented to help an individual or an organization by identifying weak points of their computer systems or networks that are used by hackers to hack their systems (Iep.utm.edu, 2017). Ethical Hacking is conducted with permission of an individual or a business organizations and main purpose of ethical hacking is to maintain security and privacy for long term. Ethical hackers are commonly known as white hackers because they execute bad actions to perform something good. Whether ethical hacking is an ethical ICT issue but it is related to cybercrime. Through an example of an incident we will discuss that how ethical hacking is implemented (BusinessDictionary.com, 2017). Here we have case of University of Calgary where an email hacking attack was conducted by hackers to obtain information about students, fees structure, their courses and other important information that is related to University. In this hacking process, emails with vulnerable attachments were sent by hackers at email address of University. In this way, they got access of Universitys database. In this situation, it was difficult for security professionals of University of Calgary to restore whole information. Hacker demanded heavy amount to restore data and management of University was ready to pay this amount. But it was not a wise decision to make. In this incident, the hacking conducted by hackers to access database, is unethical hacking. It is harmful for University and big loss of their information will occur (Sina, 2017). But when security professionals of University decided to identify hackers by hacking universitys emails with their permissions then it is a case of ethical hacking. They have checked emails sent by hackers on Universitys email id and by this they try to get IP addresses of hackers networks from where they have sent emails. This activity of security professionals is ethical and the decision taken by them was right. That is why it can be considered as ICT ethical issue (Mhrd.gov.in, 2017). After discussing about an example of ICT ethical issue that has mentioned in a selected media article, now we will analyze this topic on behalf of ethical theories. Article Analysis by Ethical Theories Utilitarianism Under this ethical theory, an action is considered ethically right if concerns of this action leads to happiness. But that action can also be considered ethically wrong if it concerns is unhappiness of others. An action is right or wrong, it is based on circumstances. After analyzing above discussed incident on behalf of this theory we can say that here action of ethical hacking is taken to help University by securing its database, so it can be considered as ethical issue of ICT (TechRepublic, 2017). Deontology This ethical theory is concerned with judgment of an actions morality. It is actually related to rule based ethics. If we analyze above discussed incident on behalf of this theory, then we can say that the action is taken according to rules of universities with its permission. So here ethical rules are followed by ethical hacking (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2017). Virtue Under this classical ethical theory, character of an individual is key element for ethical thinking. According to above discussed case, here security professional is virtue and he has implemented ethical hacking for maintaining security and privacy of Universitys database which is a positive approach towards cyber-crime victims. These security professionals are white hackers and they did not conduct hacking to damage someones data Hursthouse, Pettigrove, 2017). Contract This classical theory is the view that political and moral obligations of persons are depended upon an agreement. In case of above incident, security professionals of university did everything under contract or universitys policies. All legal norms of university were mentioned in contract in clear form. Security professionals followed these norms that is why it is case of ethical hacking, otherwise it would have been case of unethical hacking (Cybercrime, 2017). In this way above discussed these classical ethical theories are related to selected to media article and prove that action taken by security experts of university is ethically right (Techopedia.com, 2017). Recommendations The main arguing point here is that is it okay to hack a website for helping others? In answer of this argument we can say that when hacking is done to resolve problems of victims or to identify reasons of cybercrimes or for any other noble cause then it will be considered as ethical hacking and it will be right to hack a website. But if damage of information is the only purpose of hacking then it is serious case of unethical hacking and it must be restricted by developers and experts of security and privacy. So we would recommend to support ethical hacking of ICT (BusinessDictionary.com, 2017). Conclusion After this whole discussion we can say that ICT ethical hacking is helpful to stop hackers to perform unethical and vulnerable actions of accessing database and information of others. If issues of security, privacy and unauthorized access are implemented to identify reasons of hacking on system of victim, these are considered as ethical issues, otherwise these are unethical. It is actually related to circumstance in which hacking is done. At last we can say that in above discussed article, decision making is right and ethical and security professionals played an important role to perform ethical hacking to resolve problem of hacked data from universitys database. To perform this action, security experts should have experience and knowledge in their field. References Hursthouse, R., Pettigrove, G. (2017). Virtue Ethics. Plato.stanford.edu. Retrieved 17 May 2017, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-virtue/ Encyclopedia Britannica. (2017). deontological ethics. Retrieved 17 May 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/deontological-ethics Cybercrime. (2017). Ethical Issues. Retrieved 17 May 2017, from https://cps182cybercrime.wordpress.com/ethical-issues/ TechRepublic. (2017). 10 ethical issues confronting IT managers - TechRepublic. Retrieved 17 May 2017, from https://www.techrepublic.com/article/10-ethical-issues-confronting-it-managers/ BusinessDictionary.com. (2017). When was the last time you said this?. Retrieved 17 May 2017, from https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/utilitarianism.html Sina, I., profile, V., Sina, I. (2017). Cybercrime. I-thics.blogspot.in. Retrieved 17 May 2017, from https://i-thics.blogspot.in/2009/02/cybercrime.html Techopedia.com. (2017). What is Information and Communications Technology (ICT)? - Definition from Techopedia. Retrieved 17 May 2017, from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24152/information-and-communications-technology-ict Iep.utm.edu. (2017). Social Contract Theory | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 17 May 2017, from https://www.iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/ Mhrd.gov.in. (2017). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) | Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development. (2017). Retrieved 17 May 2017, from https://mhrd.gov.in/ict_overview BusinessDictionary.com. (2017). What comes after those ellipses?. Retrieved 17 May 2017, from https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/ethical-issue.html